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From module Newton's Sums

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Understand the scale
Scale 0.5: Easiest math competition problems, often solvable even for early middle school students without experience. 1: Problems strictly for beginners, often at a moderate middle school level. 1.5: Problems for stronger beginner students, on the level of the middling problems in most middle school contests. 2: For motivated beginners, harder questions from the previous categories. 2.5: More advanced beginner problems, hardest questions from previous categories. 3: Early intermediate problems that require more creative thinking. 3.5: Tougher early intermediate problems that consistently stretch into higher-level creative thinking or conceptual knowledge. 4: Intermediate-level problems. 4.5: Upper intermediate problems approaching the upper bound for non-invitational sprint math competitions. 5: More difficult AIME problems or simple proof-based Olympiad-style problems. 6: High-level AIME-styled questions or introductory Olympiad-level questions. 7: Tougher Olympiad-level questions, may require more technical knowledge. 8: High-level Olympiad-level questions. 9: Expert Olympiad-level questions. 9.5: The hardest problems appearing on Olympiads which the strongest students could reasonably solve. 10: Historically notorious problems, generally unsuitable for even very hard competitions because they are exceedingly tedious, long, and difficult.
Other 3D problemsPolynomial operationsPolynomial interpolation: Newton, LagrangeDeterminants

Problem

Let nn be a positive integer. Consider

S={(x,y,z):x,y,z∈{0,1,…,n},x+y+z>0}.S = \{(x, y, z) : x, y, z \in \{0, 1, \dots, n\}, x + y + z > 0\}.

as a set of (n+1)3−1(n+1)^3 - 1 points in three-dimensional space. Determine the smallest possible number of planes, the union of which contains SS but does not include (0,0,0)(0, 0, 0). (This problem was suggested by the Netherlands.)

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