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HMMT Spring 2021 Guts Round #0kjn

HMMT Spring 2021 Guts RoundHard

From module Functional Equations II

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Understand the scale
Scale 0.5: Easiest math competition problems, often solvable even for early middle school students without experience. 1: Problems strictly for beginners, often at a moderate middle school level. 1.5: Problems for stronger beginner students, on the level of the middling problems in most middle school contests. 2: For motivated beginners, harder questions from the previous categories. 2.5: More advanced beginner problems, hardest questions from previous categories. 3: Early intermediate problems that require more creative thinking. 3.5: Tougher early intermediate problems that consistently stretch into higher-level creative thinking or conceptual knowledge. 4: Intermediate-level problems. 4.5: Upper intermediate problems approaching the upper bound for non-invitational sprint math competitions. 5: More difficult AIME problems or simple proof-based Olympiad-style problems. 6: High-level AIME-styled questions or introductory Olympiad-level questions. 7: Tougher Olympiad-level questions, may require more technical knowledge. 8: High-level Olympiad-level questions. 9: Expert Olympiad-level questions. 9.5: The hardest problems appearing on Olympiads which the strongest students could reasonably solve. 10: Historically notorious problems, generally unsuitable for even very hard competitions because they are exceedingly tedious, long, and difficult.
Functional EquationsRecurrence relations

Problem

Problem: Let f:N→Nf: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{N} be a strictly increasing function such that f(1)=1f(1)=1 and f(2n)f(2n+1)=9f(n)2+3f(n)f(2 n) f(2 n+1)=9 f(n)^2+3 f(n) for all n∈Nn \in \mathbb{N}. Compute f(137)f(137).

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