HMMT November 2021 #0kjm

HMMT November 2021Hard

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Understand the scale

Scale 0.5: Easiest math competition problems, often solvable even for early middle school students without experience. 1: Problems strictly for beginners, often at a moderate middle school level. 1.5: Problems for stronger beginner students, on the level of the middling problems in most middle school contests. 2: For motivated beginners, harder questions from the previous categories. 2.5: More advanced beginner problems, hardest questions from previous categories. 3: Early intermediate problems that require more creative thinking. 3.5: Tougher early intermediate problems that consistently stretch into higher-level creative thinking or conceptual knowledge. 4: Intermediate-level problems. 4.5: Upper intermediate problems approaching the upper bound for non-invitational sprint math competitions. 5: More difficult AIME problems or simple proof-based Olympiad-style problems. 6: High-level AIME-styled questions or introductory Olympiad-level questions. 7: Tougher Olympiad-level questions, may require more technical knowledge. 8: High-level Olympiad-level questions. 9: Expert Olympiad-level questions. 9.5: The hardest problems appearing on Olympiads which the strongest students could reasonably solve. 10: Historically notorious problems, generally unsuitable for even very hard competitions because they are exceedingly tedious, long, and difficult.

Triangle trigonometryAngle chasingDistance chasing

Problem

Problem:

Side $\overline{AB}$ of $\triangle ABC$ is the diameter of a semicircle, as shown below. If $AB=3+\sqrt{3}$ , $BC=3\sqrt{2}$ , and $AC=2\sqrt{3}$ , then the area of the shaded region can be written as $\frac{a+(b+c\sqrt{d})\pi}{e}$ , where $a, b, c, d, e$ are integers, $e$ is positive, $d$ is square-free, and $\operatorname{gcd}(a, b, c, e)=1$ . Find $10000a+1000b+100c+10d+e$ .

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